Introduction

In the creation of ostriches, as well as in any another animal exploration, the intalações have a function of support to on activities to the productive process. The pricipais functions are: to facilitate the alimentary, sanitary and reproductive handling; to offer to comfort and security to the animals; to provide to conditions for attainment of índeces of productivity to the exploration and conditions of containment and biossegurança, hindering that the birds have contact with other animals of the regional fauna, being this a requirement of the IBAMA. Resuimindo, is installations, for the rational creation of ostriches, all the necessary repairs for creates, recria, reproduction, incubation and handling of the animals.

Before the beginning of the implementation of the project, the choice of a good place is essential for the attainment of the success. We must opt to the possible plainest area, without much necessity of fertile ground use, but with good draining (more arenaceous ground) and for region with low rainfall, making possible, thus, a bigger period of animals in reproduction and one low contamination of eggs, factors that will provide a bigger produtivadade.

The place still must be of easy access the purchasers and suppliers, therefore, an adjusted canal is important to drain the production for the market. The property also must have supply of electric energy, to make possible the artificial incubation of eggs. It is very important the previous planning of the installations and poles and also its distribution inside of the area. This measure benefits to the handling and the sanitary security of the breeding.

We can basically divide the property in 4 sectors: incubation sector; day-care center sector or creates; sector of recria and sector of reproduction. The distribution of the sectors will have to be made in such way that, animals and employees, who have contact with ostriches of a older category, and that they have to pass for sectors with animals of younger category, they carry through one adequate hygienic cleaning, thus diminishing, the risks of diverse contaminations.

In the daily handling, the employees will have to be placed by sector or to establish a routine, of form to respect the flow of age of the animals, between the different sectors, that is, the workers must be initiated by the handling of the animals youngest, transferring itself, later, for the categories with more age.    

For the handling of the adults the use of a pointed hood placed on the head of the ostrich is important because, of forbidden eyes, they become more docile. However, the pointed hood must allow the enough air entrance so that the bird can breathe freely. The use of the pointed hood all the times that will be to hold the birds, since younglings, makes with that they become accustomed themselves, reducing stress.

The birds can be imprisoned, using one brete or captured with an arched, similar pole to cajado of shepherd, with 4 cm of diameter and 3,0 length m. The hook must have about 6,25 cm of width, in order to adapt itself flabbily around the neck of the bird but of form that the head escape In the hour not to capture, has taken a group of birds for inside of the handling patio, exactly that only some of them must be captured. They must be touched and surrounded in one I sing of the patio. Then, the person who goes to make the capture must come close itself calmly, with the ready arched pole, aid of the two or three assistant.

The approach must be made by the lateral or backwards, to prevent the defensive kicks of the ostrich. Then, the neck is imprisoned for the hook of the pole, in the junction of the head, pulling, without twisting, therefore the neck breaks easily. The assistant helps to hold the animal, one in tail and one in each wing, while the pointed hood in the head is placed. Care must be had so that the bird does not fall with the hook in return of the neck. The desired handling becomes then or the animal is lead to the transport.

Some creators place the bird in a great bag to prevent agitation in the cases of transport for next places. The manual containment of ratitas is potentially dangerous, as much for the tratador as for the animal.

The ratitas birds react quickly when they are felt threatened and frequently they polish and they esperneiam, giving violent coices onward. The nails and the fingers become then formidable weapons, therefore the staff must be guided to react appropriately.

The young ostriches can firmly be apanhados holding the legs and raising the bird above of the soil. In the case of adult animals, the head is apanhada and immediately encapuzada, so that the vision of the animal is blocked. The pointed hood can be made with a dark cloth or a thick stocking, with rubber band in the extremity widest and an orifice in the opposing extremity for the peak. A metallic hoop in the tip of a baton can assist the rank of the pointed hood and the conduction of the bird. A time having its blocked vision, the bird will be felt dominated completely, being able to be lead, grasping its wing and becoming some pressure for low, to hinder that it polishes, especially when to pass of a type of floor for another type with different texture.

A bigger and continuous pressure will make with that the bird is based itself gradually. It must be remembered that the ostrich does not obtain to kick for the sides or stops backwards. The difficulty alone exists when it allows that the bird polishes or falls on one of the sides. In all the situations of manual containment, must be instructed all the assistant so that they act in co-ordinated way, fast and calm. All persistence in not estressar the animals must be had.

If it never must moor an ostrich for the transport. The violent effort of the bird to become free itself finishes provoking serious injuries. The ideal solution consists to use caixotes individual wooden or compensated plate of, in the size of the bird, with punctures for the ventilation. Deep with these caixotes can be coated with capim dry. Caixotes can be conditioned in crates, in would carroceria of a truck or pickup truck, never in truck-trunk, where the temperature goes up demasiadamente and the ventilation is unsatisfactory. The transport must at night be made in the part coolest of the day or.

The use of tranqüilizantes drugs as the benzodiazepínicos (Diazepam, Valium, etc., in the dose of 5 1Omg/Kg of corporal weight) can be of great value to diminish stress of the animals during the transport.

The administration to intramuscular of hidrocloreto of ketamina, 25 5Omg/Kg of corporeal weight, and a combination of hidrocloreto of tiletamina and hidrocloreto of zolazepam, 2 the 5 mg/Kg of corporal weight, have been used in ratitas, mainly for capture, some times using themselves darts and pistols. The birds generally calm themselves with lesser doses and disassemble with bigger doses. The ketamina use separately can provoke paradoxical effect with low doses, that is, the bird can be excited. Mendes, 1990, comment that in general, the chemical containment can inside facilitate the movement of ratitas for of river steamers or boxes of transport, but produces many problems when used in bigger dosages for total immobilization.

A time that the bird will have crossed the period of induction, a endotraqueal pipe could easily be passed and the anesthesia kept indefinitely. All the species of birds will go to try brusque falls of corporal temperature, during procedures especially drawn out. Recommendable E that if isolates the animal or if provides some external source of heat to help to keep the temperature. In some few situations, cloacais readings of 34,5 35ºC, had been observed during one procedures the two hours, without the birds developed postoperative complications.

In previously immobilized birds with hidrocloreto of ketamina 25mg/Kg, saw to intramuscular, the ketamina given by venosa can produce anesthesia adjusted in doses of 5 1Omg/Kg. Doses you add of 5mg/Kg are required at intervals of 10 the 15 minutes to keep an adequate depth of anesthesia.